Wednesday, June 18, 2003

THE LIMITS OF CONSERVATISM

My good friend, David Mills, a R C layman and formerly an Anglican wrote this. I cannot disagree.

ECUS Evangelicals have lived happily with the divorce culture within the church, the ordination of women and the liturgy of 1979 (with its great weaknesses in terms of classic dogma) and now they protest vehemently about that which is merely a continuation of what they have approved or not opposed. Once you open the doors the Zeitgeist blows in and forces the windows open as well!



THE LIMITS OF CONSERVATISM: From Touchstone Magazine's Mere Comments
Conservative Episcopalians have reacted against the election of Canon Gene Robinson to be the Episcopal Bishop of New Hampshire because he is living with another man. They should howl and hoot, of course, but I must admit that a friendly outsider like me feels bemused when reading their reactions.

They long ago weakened their ability to protest the approval of homosexuality with any great coherence and effect, to the extent that they are now like a man trying to throw punches while sinking in quicksand. Just read through the following.

From the Rt. Rev’d James Stanton, the Episcopal bishop of Dallas and head of a group called the American Anglican Council:

Some will say the direction taken by New Hampshire is the leading of the Holy Spirit in a new age. But the apostles’ teaching is that the Spirit leads to unity with God and one another, not to greater division. And nowhere is the Holy Spirit seen in the New Testament to contradict God’s revelation in prior ages.

Some will say the growing conflict is about justice and compassion. But without faithfulness to the apostles’ teaching — the church’s charter — only disorder will be the result. And disorder never leads to either justice or compassion.

From the Very Rev’d Dr. Peter Moore, dean of Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry (my former boss and a man I like and admire, let me make clear):

Only hubris can have motivated otherwise well-intentioned people to scorn the wisdom of the church that through its history has taught that sex belongs within the covenant of heterosexual marriage.

From the Rev’d Todd H. Wetzel, director of Episcopalians United:

[Canon Robinson’s] exemplary capabilities do not warrant an exception to 2000 years of the teaching of Scripture. The Old and New Testaments, are clear in defining a homosexual relationship as an abomination — clearly in violation of God’s will. Further, the New Testament declares that a man engaged in ministry must be the husband of one wife (not several; or of another man.) (1st Timothy 3:2).

. . . By Scripture and the world-wide Anglican Lambeth Conference of 1998 and by past resolutions of our General Convention, he can not be a bishop at all.

The election strongly highlights the low state to which the Authority of Scripture, theological discussion and submission to the wider Anglican Communion have fallen in Episcopal circles, and how sentiment has replaced reason in the voting of many Episcopalians.


From the Rt. Rev’d Edward Salmon and the Rt. Rev’d William Skilton, Episcopal bishop and suffragan bishop of South Carolina:

The Anglican Communion now faces one of its greatest crises ever over the question of whether or not same sex relationships are sinful or to be blessed by the church.

. . . The union in which Canon Robinson participates is not Holy Matrimony but an intimate relationship outside the bounds of marriage. This would be true whether he were cohabiting with a man or with a woman. For the church implicitly to sanction such a partnership will be a clear repudiation of the teaching of Holy Scripture and the tradition of the church; it also would signify a massive overhaul of the Christian theology of marriage by the Episcopal Church.


You may have noticed that everything these men say against approving homosexual living could be said against approving the ordination of women, which all these men approve, I think rather enthusiastically (I know almost all of them). They all appeal to a tradition they themselves do not obey. They appeal to a unity they themselves helped shatter. They appeal to a way of reading Scripture they have already disregarded.

Mr. Wetzel even asserts the requirement that the bishop be the husband of one wife, and therefor not the husband of one husband, without noticing that husbands are male. (I don’t think his organization has ever protested the ordination of anyone with two or more spouses living, though his use of St. Paul’s rule leads one to think they object to it as strongly as they do to the ordination of a homosexual man.)

Anyway, one does raise one’s eyebrows to hear men who believe in ordaining women speak out against the violation of 2000 years of tradition and call such an innovation hubris, and declare that “nowhere is the Holy Spirit seen in the New Testament to contradict God’s revelation in prior ages” while advancing an apparent contradiction. They helped push a boulder over the edge of the cliff and are now angry that it did not stop rolling halfway down the hill, and though they didn't mind it smashing the homes of people who lived near the top, are upset that it's now smashing into their homes.

They would argue that the two cases are different, and that there are biblical arguments to be made for ordaining women as well as men, arguments we have only in the last thirty or forty years seen and understood. But then that is exactly what Canon Robinson’s supporters say. And with as much reason. The conservatives don’t have any reason, beyond a belief in their own exegesis, to say that their innovation is Godly and the homosexualists’ ungodly. They cannot appeal to tradition as the authority for their reading of Scripture now, when they disregarded it then.

When faced with the election of Canon Robinson, the approval of which (certain to come) will be the Episcopal Church's official approval of homosexual coupling, their approval of the first innovation leaves them, as I said, like a man trying to throw punches while sinking in quicksand.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
By the way, all these quotes were taken from stories published by the Episcopal news service Virtuosity.

—David Mills
7:26 AM

The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.),

Tuesday, June 17, 2003

Triad, Trinitas, Trinity

Concerning an error introduced in 1966 by ECUSA.

From: "Ronald Thomas"
To: "PETER TOON"
Sent: Monday, June 16, 2003 8:58 PM
Subject: Re: Triad, Trinitas, Trinity


Peter, do run again, if you please, the piece about why "In the name of God:Father, Son, and Holy Spirit" is novel and erroneous. I think others might benefit from it as much as I did.

Thanks, Ron


Here is my response:


Let us name & adore the Holy Trinity aright!

The Church of God made use of her best minds and devout hearts over a long period of heated debate to reach basic agreement as to the identity, the name and the doctrine of The Trinity.

Today, too many in the Church of God seem to think that we can discount that profound debate and those holy conclusions and frame for ourselves, after minimal study, statements that rightly name The Trinity.

When we take short cuts, and presume that we can do the work with only a passing glance at the labour of the Church of God in the patristic and medieval periods, we may think that we have confessed The Holy Trinity when in fact we have confessed a doctrine, even a heresy, which the Fathers and Scholastics were intent on avoiding!

In this realm of Christian discourse only precise expressions will suffice and this means also close attention to the construction of sentences and to syntax and style and (if we write in English or Greek) to the use of the definite article.

In 1966/7 in its new liturgy of the Holy Communion the ECUSA introduced a novel way of naming the Holy Trinity and that way has stuck through thick and thin to the present day (and has even been adopted by the Church of England in certain texts of its Common Worship). As far as I can tell this form had not been used before in English. In looking at it we have to pay careful attention not merely to the words used but to the construction of the sentences.

"Blessed be God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
And blessed be his kingdom, now and for ever."

It is claimed that this form of words is the dynamic equivalent of the Blessing in the Orthodox Liturgy which is usually translated from the Greek
thus: "Blessed be the kingdom of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and always, even unto ages of ages."

One thing may be said of the Divine Liturgy of the Orthodox Churches and it is this. The doctrine therein and the form of words used all conform most precisely to the dogma of the seven ecumenical councils.

If one takes as one's starting point the authority of the dogma set forth in the ecumenical councils, then various problems arise with the novel American acclamation/blessing. If it is intended to follow the Greek Blessing then it should have been: "Blessed be the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit". Here there is the use of the definite article to make clear the precise identity of the Three Persons.

By introducing the word "God", leaving out the definite articles, and introducing of all things, the colon, the American liturgists (probably Massey Shepherd Jr) introduced confusion. Certainly those with orthodox minds and charitable hearts can make the novel form of words speak orthodoxy; but, for those without a training in patristic and medieval dogma the novel form of words does not in a natural reading and meaning proclaim orthodoxy.

The most natural meaning is that there is a God who has an unique kingdom and that this God has Three unique( or special) Names - Father, Son and Holy Spirit (or as in modern renderings of this is Creator, Redeemer and Sanctifier). In other words, the ancient and common heresy of Modalism is here being proclaimed - if we read these words in their natural meaning and take note of the colon. That is, there is One Person of God, who has Three Names (or Three Modes of Being, or Three Basic Functions), and this God has a kingdom which is blessed for ever.

So, if we really want rightly to Name the Trinity and adore this Triune God, let us keep to the hallowed expressions of the traditional Liturgies (e.g., the Roman begins, "In the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit"). If we feel obliged to use this 1967 ECUSA novelty then let us change it back to the original to read:

"Blessed be the kingdom of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit, now and always, even unto ages of ages. Amen." (The priest to say everything except the Amen.)

The vocation of the Church of God today is not to innovate in dogma or morality but to proclaim the one Faith in a way that people can hear and receive. The jurisdiction known as the ECUSA was in the 1960s and 1970s much influenced by liberal and latitudinarian Catholicism and the effects of this are to be seen throughout its new liturgies and thus in the 1979 book, which so often has the appearance of catholic dogma but presents in fact ancient and modern heresy!

The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

Monday, June 16, 2003

Corpus Christi & the Church of England

From at least the fourteenth century in the West and thus within the Ecclesia Anglicana the Feast of Corpus Christi was held on the Thursday following Trinity Sunday. Usually there were processions through the streets headed by the Blessed Sacrament.

In the middle of the 16th century, the reformed Catholic Church of England ceased to keep the Feast because of doctrinal considerations; but the Roman Catholic Church has continued to keep it to this day and recently has given it the new name, Corpus et Sanguis Christi (Body & Blood of Christ). And, somewhat surprisingly, the Church of England has set in motion the revival of the Feast by making it a part of the Christian Year/Calendar in Common Worship 2000 (her new Directory of worship which is an alternative to The Book of Common Prayer of 1662) and providing a Collect and readings for it.

In origin Corpus Christi was inextricably associated with the doctrine of transubstantiation, the view that the whole bread is changed in the act of consecration in the Mass into the true Body of Christ. Thus, this Body is not only to be consumed as Bread from heaven but also adored as Christ present amongst his people. Because of their rejection of the medieval doctrine of the Mass, it was inevitable that the Reformers should also reject this Feast. Thus there is no sign of it within The Book of Common Prayer.

Common Worship (volume 1) informs us on page 407 that “the Thursday after Trinity Sunday may be observed as ‘The Day of Thanksgiving for the Institution of Holy Communion (Corpus Christi)’.” The liturgical colour is white, the Collect is addressed to “Lord Jesus Christ” and the Post Communion Prayer to “our God and Father”. The Epistle is 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 and the Gospel is John 6:51-58.

In a Reformed Catholic Church, one wonders why this celebration is necessary since if Holy Week is kept there is a suitable recognition of the institution of this Sacrament on Maundy Thursday. It is true that some Anglo-Catholics have long kept this day but this is because they are committed to the doctrine of transubstantiation, which they freely accept has never been the doctrine of the reformed Church of England.

Apparently the liturgists responsible for Common Worship thought it would be good to follow the modern Roman Catholic festival of “The Body and Blood of Christ” but to soften it by giving it a generalised and apparently harmless title. However, the Collect (though based on an original said to be by St Thomas Aquinas) is somewhat vague and may be taken as either validating the doctrine of transubstantiation or simply stating a very high view of this Sacrament in terms of the value of the consecrated elements.

“Lord Jesus Christ, we thank you that in this wonderful sacrament you have given us the memorial of your passion: grant us so to reverence the sacred mysteries of your body and blood that we may know within ourselves and show forth in our lives the fruits of your redemption;…”

The opening declaration is fine. The petition introduces the idea of reverencing the consecrated elements as “the sacred mysteries of your body and blood”. To reverence the elements is presumably to attribute to them divine content or quality or character. But on the basis of which C of E doctrine is this done?

This Collect is a revised form of the Latin Collect for the medieval festival of Corpus Christi. In 1929 the Scottish Episcopal Church provided a similar Collect as an additional Collect for Maundy Thursday and in 1979 the American Episcopal Church did the same, stating that it was especially suitable for use on any Thursday. More recently several Provinces of the Anglican Communion have included “Thanksgiving for Holy Communion” in their Calendars for the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.

In origin the doctrine of transubstantiation led to the festival of Corpus Christi. Now it seems a love of festivals and a desire to imitate Rome by liturgists are causing the revival of the festival under a new name and without the doctrine of transubstantiation to support it. Thus it hangs in vague space to be blown by any wind that touches it.
The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

The Christian Name of God - THE TRINITY

The long season of Trinity begins with Trinity Sunday and as we live through this second half of the Christian year, whether we recognise it or not we daily confess the Name of God, the Trinity (Trinitas), and clearly distinguish ourselves not only from pantheists but also from monotheists, even from Jews and Muslims.

In the New Testament the word "God" virtually always refers to "the Father", that is "the Father of the only-begotten Son, the Lord Jesus Christ". Likewise in Christian liturgy the addressing of "almighty God" virtually always means the addressing of the Father, who is approached in the name of Jesus Christ, the Mediator.

Thus "the Father" is a name that is inextricably part of the Christian Faith, Revelation and Vocabulary, and with it there is everlastingly associated "the Son" and "the Holy Ghost/Spirit". In this threefold Name Baptisms are performed and Blessings are given.

In Christian Tradition, from as early as the second century, the unique name of the Deity worshipped, adored and served by the Christian Church has been TRINITAS, the Trinity (and thus "the Holy Trinity" and "the Blessed, Holy and Undivided Trinity"). The choice of this word was made necessary as the Church confessed that the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost are God, one God, one LORD.

The Trinity is not a description of Deity but is the unique Christian Name for Deity, for the one Deity & Godhead. Hereby the identity of Deity/God for Christians is immediately seen to be different from, even if related to, the identity of God for Jews and Muslims.

Jews, Muslims and Christians reject polytheism and are committed to monotheism. But for Christians the belief in One God is belief in one Deity, Divinity and Godhead, which is wholly possessed by Three Persons, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost. Thus Christians worship a Trinity in Unity and a Unity in Trinity: they adore the One Deity and Godhead as they also adore the Persons of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, in each of whom this one, only Godhead is fully possessed and manifested.

The confession of Jesus of Nazareth as the Christ and as the Son of God incarnate is the divine key that opens up the possibility of identifying the Godhead as Triune, as the Trinity. For the Trinity is known through the personhood, teaching and divine activity of the Lord Jesus Christ.

To confess Jesus as Lord and to state that he is of one substance (essence or being) with the Father is to make the first step in confessing the Trinity.

To confess the Trinity is to begin to be Trinitarian in mindset and in worship! It is to worship, serve and obey the Father through the Son and with the Holy Spirit and also it is to receive mercy, grace, gifts, knowledge and understanding from the Father through the Son and by the Holy Spirit.
The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

The Presiding Bishop of ECUSA writes to the bishops before General Convention

Frank is a confused man; he wants to participate in and commend the spirituality of the Orthodox together with an openness to what the Orthodox call immorality in sexual relations! Such is the confusion in the leadership of the ECUSA.
ACNS 3478 | USA | 16 JUNE 2003

June 12, 2003

For all bishops

Dear brothers and sisters:

General Convention is almost here and its theme, Engage God's Mission, draws upon energies and commitment evident around our church. We will be building on work in which we as a House of Bishops have been engaged for some time, particularly since our fall meeting in 2001 in Burlington, Vermont immediately following the events of September 11. Over these last three years, we have explored mission as our participation in God's work of reconciling all things to himself in Christ. I have every expectation that our forthcoming Convention will take us deeper into that work as we draw upon the grace of Christ and the wisdom of the Spirit. Everything that happens in the life of the church is an invitation to reveal more fully the reconciling power of the gospel: this is something I have been made freshly aware of by my recent visit to my brothers and sisters in the Church of Uganda.

The election of the Revd Canon V Gene Robinson by the laity and clergy of the Diocese of New Hampshire to serve as their Bishop Coadjutor has received wide comment in the press and other media. Great joy and deep distress are emotions being felt by many within our church. Some view the election as prophetic and an action of the Holy Spirit, while others view it as disregarding Scripture, Tradition and the larger view of the Anglican Communion, which they see as expressed in a resolution on sexuality of the 1998 Lambeth Conference. This variety of opinion should not surprise us. As the report of the Theology Committee so clearly stated, "The depth and complexity of human sexuality are reflected in the multiple understandings and interpretations held by thoughtful people." We have seen these various interpretations articulated over these last days in response to the New Hampshire election, and discussion will doubtless continue.

In the face of strongly-held divergent opinions on what constitutes God's desire, my concern is how we move with grace through this time. As Presiding Bishop and chief pastor of the church, it is my duty to ensure that all perspectives are treated with reverence, care and mutual respect in the service of a unity, not of our own creation, but rather given to us through our baptism into Christ. This means that though we may disagree, no one can say, "I have no need of you" to another member of the church. I hope that in the weeks ahead we will be mindful of this, and of the following points as well.

First, we need to respect the action of the Diocese of New Hampshire. After a search, nomination and election process they have made their choice of a priest who has served in their Diocese for 28 years. Gene Robinson was elected by the Diocese of New Hampshire because he is a highly respected person. He is a fellow member of the body of Christ, not the symbol of an issue.

The election of a bishop also involves approval by the whole church, inasmuch as a bishop is a bishop for the whole church. According to the Constitution of our church, when the election of a bishop occurs fewer than 120 days before a General Convention, the church's consent must be secured at the Convention by the House of Deputies and by the diocesan bishops with jurisdiction. By canon and by tradition, the House of Deputies first gives its consent and then the consents of bishops with jurisdiction are sought. At our forthcoming General Convention, the election of ten bishops will be put forward for consent. All of these are equally important.

And here I need to add that it is unfortunate, but predictable, that the media and some others will doubtless be focused upon consent in the case of the New Hampshire election. I hope that a distinction can be made between the consent to the consecration of a bishop who is a priest in good standing partnered with a member of the same sex, and the continuing debate regarding formal actions by the church in the area of human sexuality. We as bishops, together with our diocesan deputations, need to keep our eyes fixed on the larger purposes for which we gather as a church, namely the enduring mission of God in Christ who has reconciled all things to himself through the cross.

Last of all, let me share with you a prayer I recite frequently. You may find it useful as well, particularly during the days of our General Convention. It comes from a man who knew the burdens of episcope intimately - Philaret, Patriarch of Moscow. It runs as follows:

Lord, grant me to greet the coming day in peace.
Help me in all things to rely on your holy will.
In every hour of the day reveal your will to me.
Teach me to treat all that comes to me throughout the day with peace of soul, and with firm conviction that your will governs everything. In all my deeds and words guide my thoughts and feelings. In unforeseen events let me not forget that all are sent by you. Teach me to act firmly and wisely, without embittering and embarrassing others. Give me the strength to bear the fatigue of the coming day with all that it shall bring. Direct my will. Teach me to pray. Pray yourself in me.


As always, in the love of Christ, your brother,

Frank T. Griswold
Presiding Bishop and Primate

[Related articles and links are available from the ACNS Human Sexuality Issues section http://www.anglicancommunion.org/acns/special/humansexuality/index.html]

The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

Saturday, June 14, 2003

How regrettable on Trinity Sunday

Adelphoi,

On Trinity Sunday, when the Household of God, the Body of Christ, is called to adore, praise and celebrate the identify of the LORD GOD as a Trinity in Unity and an Unity in Trinity, and to utter with humility, reverence and passion, "Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost", it is extremely regrettable that neither the Collect nor the Post Communion Prayer in Common Worship (the new Directory of the Church of England) do not rise to the occasion.

For over a thousand years in the West there has been a particular style to the one sentence Collect which comes before the Epistle and Gospel in the Eucharist. Regrettably the Church of England has chosen to ditch this hallowed style for Trinity Sunday (the very day when she needed it most) in favour of a new style which carries the implication of arrogance before the Blessed, Holy and Undivided Trinity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost.

The classic Collect, translated from the Latin in 1549, begins: "Almighty and everlasting God, who hast given unto us thy servants grace, by the confession of a true faith, to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity and in the power of the Divine Majesty to worship the Unity:.." Here by the use of the relative clause, the people of God remember in God's presence his self-revelation by which they are able to know and confess his Identity as the Trinity. The wording encourages the virtues of humility and reverence.

The modern Collect, which attempts to maintain the doctrine of the traditional Collect, refuses to use the ancient devise of the relative clause and goes instead for a declaratory statement, a telling the Trinity what the same Trinity knows more perfectly and surely than any man could ever begin to know!

"Almighty and everlasting God, you have given us your servants grace, by the confession of a true faith, to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity, and in the power of the divine majesty to worship the Unity:."

This is like the preposterous - "You are God and we praise You."!

The modern Post-Communion Prayer is even more regrettable because (a) it purports to tell the LORD what he knows absolutely perfectly and experientially, and (b) what it tells him is possibly (by classic patristic standards) heresy!

"Almighty and eternal God, you have revealed yourself as Father, Son and Holy Spirit and live and reign in the perfect unity of love:."

Once again we have the declaratory clause instead of the relative clause. Then it is unclear to Whom the prayer is addressed. Is it addressed to the Godhead as One or the Trinity as Trinity? It sounds as though there is One God who is one Person who reveals to us that he has Three Names or Modes of Being? Or is it addressed to God the Father (as most prayers are so addressed?) If so then is it true that the Father has revealed himself as Father, Son and Holy Spirit? It seems as though - because of the way it ends - the prayer is actually addressed to God as Trinity and if so it does allow, because of careless wording, the interpretation of Modalism, that God is One Person with Three Modes of Being and Three Names.

The biblical way of revelation of the Triune Nature & Name is FROM the Father through the Son and by the Holy Ghost, to which the response of creatures is TO the Father through the Son and with the Holy Ghost.

When we are dealing with the Dogma of the Trinity and the Dogma of the Person of Christ, we moderns need to keep close to the Patristic Definitions which informed classic Liturgy! If we do not then we get into trouble!

PLEASE DO NOT FORGET TO USE THE ATHANASIAN CREED ON TRINITY SUNDAY

The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

Friday, June 13, 2003

Letter to the Church Times

From The Revd Dr Peter Toon
Sir,

In your editorial of 13 June on the nomination of Jeffrey John to the bishopric of Reading, you write: “People might have questions about his earlier life, but sexual history is not usually something with which the Church concerns itself. Most couples now cohabit before marriage, and yet the Church does not consider marrying them confers some approval of this…”

You are suggesting that it is not necessary or appropriate to consider the (publicly known) sexual history of one who is either to be ordained/consecrated or married in church. Perhaps in most cases with respect to marriage it is “not necessary”; but, in the former case of consecration to the episcopate it is “necessary”. How a priest has behaved publicly and what he has taught in the Church certainly ought to be “something with which the Church concerns itself” in choosing a bishop.

Your argument may well fit into a modern church morality based on human rights and be the norm in some dioceses for the choosing of ordinands. However, the Church of yesterday had a different approach. One has only to look at canon law to see this. Not only was repentance of heart and mind looked for but also public penance was imposed for sins, offences & irregularities against God’s law and Church law. Such penance included non-admission to Holy Communion and/or suspension or removal from an office of ordained ministry.

Fornication and adultery of any kind are still sins as far as God, the Bible and the Formularies of the Church are concerned. And they are still sins when committed by affable, attractive and gifted persons.

What is not considered in your editorial is this possibility - that for the eternal salvation & spiritual health of the person himself, as well as for the holiness, edification and good name of Church of God, he who has been a fornicator or an adulterer [or involved in a sexual partnership] while ordained, be not considered for any preferment, even if he has turned from that sin, sought forgiveness and has been through a period of penance.

Ordination or consecration is not a human right but a gift of the exalted Lord Christ to his Church for the edification and holiness of that Church, and it has always been the case that certain irregularities constitute the possibility of exclusion or expulsion from the sacred Ministry. In this day and age, it can surely be argued that for the true good of the Church of God and for the man’s own spiritual and moral progress, a priest who has been in a homosexual partnership or an adulterous relationship or is divorced [and remarried] ought to be excluded from preferment to the office of bishop. He may be an excellent person in terms of gifts, abilities and energy but he has no right to preferment because of them. Let him in penitence excel in the presbyterate and therein reveal the mercy of God.

Peter Toon,
The Rectory,
Biddulph Moor, ST8 7HP

Gay Bishops & Human Rights

Adelphoi,

For your consideration...


Is Ordination within human rights?

There is a general assumption by decent people in the Church of England (who think that active homosexuality is wrong) that if a priest has a homosexual partner, then gives him up, and does not take another casually or long-term, he is eligible as a candidate for preferment to the office of bishop - that is, if he promises to abide by the church's teaching on marriage and sexual relations in his public utterances.

Is this assumption correct?

Let us first assume that there is no heartfelt repentance for the involvement in same-sex activity but there is a clear recognition that it is not appropriate for a priest to be involved. If this man is elevated to the episcopate, we have there a person who does not in his heart and mind accept the teaching of the Bible as understood in the Church of God but who attempts to keep his views to himself, as he tries to commend the Church's teaching.

Let us assume, secondly, that there is genuine repentance for the sexual partnership and there is a fervent desire to live a chaste life and to teach the doctrine and morality of the Church on sexual relations. If he is elevated to the episcopate, he will certainly be able to teach from his heart with his mind and will the doctrine of the Church and may be able to offer specialist counselling to certain of his flock.

Now I comment on the two examples.

With regard to the first person, he is placed in a very odd situation where what he believes he denies publicly. It is surely psychologically bad for the man and pastorally dangerous for his diocese for he may at any time lose control!

With regard to the second man, there is a real possibility of his making a good and sound bishop. Nevertheless, there is the danger of reversal to the previous life-style if he does not live close to the Lord daily, every day!

But, is it wise for holy mother Church to elevate either man from the presbyterate to the episcopate (or earlier from the diaconate to the presbyterate, or from the laity to the diaconate)? In days when human rights have become the language and reference of discussion for morality, this may seem a stupid or inappropriate question. However, in terms of historic moral theology and canon law it is a most appropriate & urgent question!

The Church has always identified persons who are in all ways qualified to be candidates for ordination except for an irregularity. For example, a man before he became a baptized, committed Christian may have committed manslaughter, or a major crime, or he may have lived "in sin" with a man or woman, or he may have presided over a major disaster in a company or school, and so on. And he has paid the penalty of the law and is penitent.

In cases such as these, where there is repentance followed by appropriate penance (e.g., exclusion from Holy Communion for a season), the person may be restored to full fellowship in the Church of God. However, he is not usually considered for ordination since it is judged that his previous failings - though forgiven by God and forgiven by the Christian congregation - create a closed door to that office (which is an office of grace & holiness and not of right). And the reason for this is because of the good name of the church, for the spiritual health of the person himself, and so that he is not the occasion for (later) attacks from outside or inside the church concerning his previous life.

Not too long ago if a priest committed adultery or was involved in sodomy or anything of like nature, he was suspended from the active ministry with no possibility of preferment. Today a so-called "gay relationship" or marital infidelity or divorce (with or without remarriage) seem not to hinder a person's ecclesiastical career. The Chaste Life seems to be a remote ideal today rather than a direct command of the Lord to his presbyters. [In the Early Church if a deaconess married she was suspended from the ministry and from holy communion, as also was her husband! And this for the purity of the Church and her discipline.]

The human rights agenda - so dominant today in the churches - does not understand the traditional type of thinking concerning the closed door, for it is biblical thinking about the spiritual & moral health of the Body of Christ and of the precious value of baptized souls, where the individual person exists in fellowship for the good of the Body and its Head, Christ, and for the glory of God the Father.

Today, with the investigative powers of the media and the ability of that media to publish whatever it sees fit, the obvious dangers for the Church and for the spiritual and moral health of ordaining "gay" priests and bishops is clear. The wisdom of the Church over the centuries in not ordaining otherwise qualified persons can surely be seen - if and only if, the matter is viewed from a traditional biblical perspective and not from the perspective of human rights. Ordination in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church should never be about "a person's right" to that office.

In this highly-sexed era, it is probably wise for the Church to be most discriminating in whom she ordains to any office, not allowing claimed human rights to dictate entry into the sacred ministry. And she must show her tough love in her discriminating concerning ordination both to heterosexual and homosexual/lesbian persons.


The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

Scottish Episcopal Church votes to ordain women bishops

ACNS 3472 | SCOTLAND | 12 JUNE 2003

by Matthew Davies

The General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church (SEC), meeting in Edinburgh from 12-14 June, made an historic decision today by voting to accept women bishops and ending centuries of tradition. Today's decision could lead the way to give Scotland the first female bishops in the UK.

At the 2002 General Synod a vast majority of the 156 members supported the motion, which gave churches throughout Scotland the opportunity to spend a year discussing the issue further in their own dioceses.

The motion received its second and final reading today and required a two-thirds majority for it to be passed. Out of 153 votes cast, 124 voted in favour, including all seven bishops of the SEC.

At present, only the Anglican/Episcopal Churches of the USA, Canada and New Zealand have elected women as bishops, although the Anglican Church in Ireland has voted to allow women bishops but has yet to appoint one.

On 11 November 1992, the General Synod of the Church of England voted to open the priesthood to women, five years after women were first ordained to the diaconate. This vote came after 70 years of formal discussion and debate in the Anglican Communion, which began in 1920 when the Lambeth Conference first considered the issue. Currently, one in five Church of England priests is female.

The first women priests in the Anglican Communion were ordained in Hong Kong in 1944. During the 1960s and 70s there was a movement in many countries across the world towards the ordination of women as priests. In 1974 there was an irregular ordination of 11 women in the United States, and the Episcopal Church in the US authorised women's priestly ordination two years later. In 1993 and 1994 the Scottish Synod agreed to allow women to be ordained as priests and the first ordinations took place in December 1994.

Responding to today's decision, the Most Revd Bruce Cameron, Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, said, "The decision is a momentous one. For some it will be received with great joy, for others pain, but I know that most of us will want to be members of the same family in the Episcopal Church. We must seek to be sensitive to all people in our church."

Professor David Atkinson, lay member of the Diocese of Edinburgh, spoke in favour of the motion, saying, "Jesus took a common sense approach to what would be seen by others as very difficult questions. We need to look at what the purpose of our church is to mission and ministry. Ordination of women to the priesthood makes available to the Church the talents of a group of committed and skilled Christians."

He admitted that issues such as these always have upsides and downsides. He added, "I believe that common sense, fairness, inclusively of talented Christians and our ability to be effective in our ministry and mission, which needs to be seen as in touch with and understanding of society, dictates that we must pass this change to our canons."

The Revd Ruth Edwards, Diocese of Aberdeen and Orkney, also supported the motion saying that it follows on from the ordination of women to the diaconate and the presbyterate. "It seems very strange to fix on them a stained glass ceiling," she said. "It will help our ecumenical work much more if God can call men and women equally to all levels within the church...It is about faithfulness to the truth."

David Fuller, a member of the Diocese of Argyll and the Isles, strongly rejected the motion and asked for more debate. "We live in times of great change," he said. "No one before us has had to live in such a volatile world...but there is an understanding trend towards unity. We should try to steer clear of making serious doctrinal mistakes."

The Revd Canon John Riches from the Diocese of Glasgow and Galloway spoke briefly about his experience as a member of the International Anglican Orthodox Dialogue. He said that the Old Catholics and Orthodox in Eastern Europe issued a joint statement saying that they could find no reason why women should not be ordained. "The question really is, 'whatever decision is made will it cause a division?'" he said. "It would be discrimination if, in the absence of valid theological reasons, we chose not to support the motion."

The following motion was also passed:

Motion 4: That this Synod, having voted to admit women to the episcopate because a major majority of its members sufficient to satisfy the requirement of Canon 52 believes this to be a development, guided by the Holy Spirit, in the understanding of the Church's threefold ministry of Bishops, Priests and Deacons, as expressed in Canon 1:

1 desires and intends no break with the tradition of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of Christ in which the Scottish Episcopal Church has always professed itself to be.

2 acknowledges that within the Scottish Episcopal Church, there are those, who, for various reasons, cannot in conscience agree with its decision, recognizes the good faith in which their convictions are held and pledges that those who hold such convictions will continue for all time to come to have a valued and respected place within the Scottish Episcopal Church.

3 further acknowledges, with deep sadness, that in seeking to follow the guidance of the Holy Spirit, it has felt called to act without the existence of a consensus on the matter in all branches of the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of Christ, and expresses penitence for the existing divisions within the Body of Christ and for any further division therein which today's decision may cause.

4 recognises its own fallibility, with that of all the Church's Councils, and prays that, by the guidance of the Holy Spirit, all branches of the Church may continue to work together in love, so that they may grow together in faith into the one Body of Christ.
The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)

Thursday, June 12, 2003

Homosexual Bishop-elect will be approved

(Here follows what will be a majority view in the ECUSA)


Statement by the Bishop of Oklahoma

The election of the Revd Gene Robinson to be the next Bishop of New Hampshire has caused several people in this diocese to call and inquire as to my reaction to his election. Will I support his election when it comes before the House of Bishops at the General Convention?

My reaction is one of respect for the people of the Diocese of New Hampshire. They did a bold thing in electing the Revd Gene Robinson. Homosexuals are modern outcasts, like lepers in Jesus' day. In many people, they engender fear and loathing. In my ministry I have seen good people become filled with hate and disgust when the subject was homosexuality. At a vestry meeting I once attended, one man said, "If my son said he was gay, I would disown him." The Episcopal Church in New Hampshire has obviously moved beyond that stage of fear and prejudice. They have seen the humanity in a gay man and they have decided that his humanity is more important than his gayness.

I do plan to support his election. The Diocese of New Hampshire elected him after knowing him and observing his ministry for many years. They have confidence that he will be a good bishop. New Hampshire is known as a conservative State and yet the clergy and people elected a man they knew was gay and living with another man in a committed relationship.

The Church has spent a great deal of time studying and debating the place of homosexual men and women in its life. It is a subject that elicits great passion and it has the potential to split apart the Body of Christ. So did the inclusion of Gentiles in the first century! So did the breaking down of slavery in the nineteenth century! So did Civil Rights! So did the ordination of women! I follow Christ as my Lord and Saviour and Christ keeps breaking down barriers that religious people once thought were sacred. I think that our Lord is doing the same thing today with our attitudes towards homosexual men and women, gays and lesbians. Thus, I will vote to support the election in New Hampshire and welcome Bishop-elect Robinson as a brother bishop in the Episcopal Church.

God bless this Church.

+Robert M Moody
Bishop of Oklahoma


The Rev'd Dr. Peter Toon M.A., D.Phil. (Oxon.)